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Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron
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Locations Used
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The following table provides information on locations where EZVI has been (or will be) used for environmental cleanup.
| Location |
Year (Actual or Planned) |
Gallons Injected |
Size of Iron |
Primary Contaminant |
Soil Type |
Injection Method |
| Central Florida |
2002 |
670 |
nano |
TCE1 |
sand and sandy silt |
pressure pulse |
| Tennessee |
2004 |
1,000 |
micro |
PCE2, TCE |
residuum |
direct injection |
| Central Florida |
2005 |
62,000 |
mix of nano and micro |
TCE |
sand |
pneumatic |
| Southern Florida |
2005 |
2,300 |
mix of nano and micro |
TCE |
sand |
pneumatic |
| Southern Arkansas |
2005 |
800 |
mix of nano and micro |
EDB3 |
clay |
pneumatic |
| South Carolina |
2005 |
1,400 |
micro |
PCE, TCE, TCA4 |
saprolite |
direct injection |
| Illinois |
2005-2006 |
920 |
micro |
PCE |
clayey silt |
pneumatic |
| Ohio |
2005-2006 |
1,840 |
micro |
PCE |
sandy silt |
pneumatic |
| Parris Island, South Carolina |
2006 |
750 |
nano |
PCE |
sandy silt, clay and peat |
direct injection and pneumatic |
| Central Florida |
2006 |
6,000 |
micro, and a mix of nano and micro |
TCE |
sand |
direct injection |
| Massachusetts |
2006 |
600 |
mix of nano and micro |
PCE, TCE |
fractured bedrock |
gravity flow |
| Texas |
2006 |
1,840 |
micro |
CT5 |
sandy silt |
pneumatic |
| North Carolina |
2006 |
1,800 |
micro |
TCE |
residuum |
direct injection |
| Louisiana |
2006 and 2008 |
2,300 |
micro |
CT |
silty vadose zone |
pneumatic |
| Central Florida |
2007 |
3,000 |
mix of nano and micro |
TCE |
sandy |
direct push hybrid |
| Illinois |
2007-2008 |
10,800 |
micro |
TCE |
clayey silt |
pneumatic |
1 Trichloroethylene
2Perchloroethylene
3Ethylene dibromide
4Trichloroethane
5Carbon tetrachloride
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Click here
for more information on a full-scale application of EZVI.
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